| General information | Literature | Expression | lncRNA |Regulation | Mutation | Homolog | Interaction |
Basic Information | |
|---|---|
Gene ID | 6493 |
Name | SIM2 |
Sentence | From PubMed database |
| Loss of singleminded-2s in the mouse mammary gland induces an epithelial-mesenchymal transition associated with up-regulation of slug and matrix metalloprotease 2. | The short splice variant of the basic helix-loop-helix Per-Arnt-Sim transcription factor Singleminded-2, SIM2s, has been implicated in development and is frequently lost or reduced in primary breast tumors. Here, we show that loss of Sim2s causes aberrant mouse mammary gland ductal development with features suggestive of malignant transformation, including increased proliferation, loss of polarity, down-regulation of E-cadherin, and invasion of the surrounding stroma. Additionally, knockdown of SIM2s in MCF-7 breast cancer cells contributed to an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased tumorigenesis. In both Sim2(-/-) mammary glands and SIM2s-depleted MCF7 cells, these changes were associated with increased SLUG and MMP2 levels. SIM2s protein was detectable on the SLUG promoter, and overexpression of SIM2s repressed expression from a SLUG-controlled reporter in a dose-dependent manner. To our knowledge, SIM2s is the first protein shown to bind and repress the SLUG promoter, providing a plausible explanation for the development role and breast tumor-suppressive activity of SIM2s. Together, our results suggest that SIM2s is a key regulator of mammary-ductal development and that loss of SIM2s expression is associated with an invasive, EMT-like phenotype. |
| Targeting SIM2-s decreases glioma cell invasion through mesenchymal--epithelial transition. | Glioma is a common primary intracranial carcinoma with high incidence, recurrence, and motility. Single minded homolog 2-short form (SIM2-s), a member of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family, is reported to be expressed in glioma and might play a role in the invasion. In the present study, we investigated the importance of SIM2-s in glioma invasion and further explored the potential mechanisms. We showed that targeting SIM2-s by interference technology could decrease cell adhesion to fibronectin, induce cell aggregation and cytoskeletal changes. Furthermore, we showed that targeting SIM2-s increased the expression of epithelial markers and decreased the expression of mesenchymal markers, that is mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Targeting SIM2-s decreased self-renewal of glioma stem cells by tumor sphere formation assay. Taken together, our results indicated that MET is involved in the inhibition of glioma invasion by targeting SIM2-s, and SIM2-s may be a new gene target.CI - (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |