High expression of TLR9 in tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells enhances angiogenesis and is associated with lung cancer.

This study characterizes a strategy to apply localized TLR9 stimulation to a tumor type not accessible for direct injection, a strategy that may expand the therapeutic potential of PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer

Functional expression of TLR9 is associated to the metastatic potential of human lung cancer cell.

Targeting toll-like receptor 9 with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides enhances anti-tumor responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human lung cancer patients.

both mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and TLR9 were strongly expressed in lung cancer tissue; the expression level of TLR4 correlated with malignancy of lung cancer

agonist CpG ODNs stimulates lung cancer cells proliferation via CDK2 upregulation

Data show that miR-7 inhibits the effects of TLR9 signaling on lung cancer cells through regulation of the PIK3R3/Akt pathway.

miR-26a is involved in the TLR9mediated growth and migration of lung cancer through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Study finding indicated that TLR9 may serve as a serological marker for nonsmall cell lung cancer identification.