found that the 49G>A polymorphism in the CTLA-4 leading sequence causing (17)Ala to (17)Thr amino acid substitution is associated with increased susceptibility to multiple cancers, including lung, breast, esophagus, and gastric cardia cancers

could not find significant association between CTLA4 variants and any defined lung tumor type. These six single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CTLA4 were not associated with susceptibility to lung cancer in Iranian population

The positive rate of CTLA-4 in primary lung cancer tissue and precancerous lesion was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissue.

The constellation of specific alleles in CTLA-4, CD28, and ICOS genes contributes to the susceptibility and clinical course of non-small-cell lung cancer.

study revealed the CTLA-4 +49AA genotype is an independent adverse prognostic indicator for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients; data suggest the polymorphism of CTLA-4 +49A>G is a prognostic predictor for advanced NSCLC

anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) monoclonal antibodies are becoming parts of the oncologists' armamentarium against melanoma and non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Of several immunotherapies being investigated, antibodies that target the programmed cell death protein-1 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (ipilimumab) immune checkpoint pathways are among the most promising for patients with Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and are the focus of this review.

AUthors observed a significant correlation between the proportion of Tregs and (in)CTLA-4+ Tregs with IL-17A concentration in clBALF. Data confirmed significant differences in the proportion of regulatory elements between cancerous lung and healthy lung and PB and the usefulness of BALF analysis in evaluation of immune response regulation in local lung cancer environment.

Significant differences in the CpG-methylation patterns between tumor tissues and matched controls were observed for CTLA4 showing a decreased methylation of this gene in non-small cell lung cancer patients. expression studies confirmed that hypomethylation also resulted in increased expression of CTLA4.

Clinical characteristics, the association between PVR and CTLA4, and the prognostic significance of poliovirus receptor (PVR) were analyzed. RESULTS: A significant positive association was observed between PVR and CTLA4 expression in NSCLC (P = 0.016). PVR had a high positive rate among females, nonsmokers, and patients with adenocarcinoma and advanced lung cancer