6285

S100B

S100 calcium binding protein B;S100B;S100 calcium binding protein B

S-100 calcium-binding protein, beta chain|S-100 protein subunit beta|S100 calcium-binding protein, beta (neural)|protein S100-B

21q22.3

protein-coding

Distant metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) occurs mainly in the liver and is the major cause of death. This study explored the overexpression of liver metastasis-associated mRNAs in human CRC by using a well-established, weighted enzymatic chip array platform. Analysis of 10 CRC tissue specimens compared with their normal adjacent tissues revealed that ATP2A2, ELAVL4, hTERT, KCTD2, MUC1, OLFM4, S100B, and TM4SF4 genes were upregulated (gene expression ratio of cancer tissue to paired normal tissue was >2) by microarray and bioinformatics analysis. A gene chip including eight candidate genes was constructed to investigate the circulating tumor cells in blood specimens of 103 preoperative CRC patients and further validated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Liver metastasis was significantly correlated with overexpression of S100B (p=0.001, OR=9.217), TM4SF3 (p=0.011, OR=4.385), and OLFM4 (p=0.015, OR=3.438). These results suggest that S100B, TM4SF3, and OLFM4 overexpression may affect metastatic behavior of tumor cells in Taiwanese CRC patients.

Serum S100B and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were evaluated for their ability to predict response in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma and to determine their usefulness in monitoring the results of chemoimmunotherapy. Levels were studied in 53 patients with metastatic malignant melanoma receiving chemoimmunotherapy and in 19 control patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving a similar immunotherapy regimen. The serum S100B level was elevated in 81% of the patients before treatment. Marker levels were significantly higher in patients who did not respond (n = 22). Patients with S100B levels >or= 1.0 microg/l were less likely to obtain remission or stable disease than the group with normal or moderately elevated serum concentrations (P < 0.01). After treatment, 17 of the 31 (55%) patients with stable or responsive disease had a S100B serum level below the cut-off point versus only one of the 22 (5%) patients in the group with progressive disease. For LDH the proportions of patients were 17 out of 31 (55%) and nine out of 22 (41%), respectively. In 15 melanoma patients there was a transient rise in the level of serum S100B at the beginning of systemic therapy. All 19 patients in the control group had an initial serum S100B level

AIM: To examine the kinetics of the tumor marker levels: osteopontin (OPN), S-100beta, melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) and tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS), and to evaluate their potential for predicting earlier liver metastasis in patients with uveal melanoma (UM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-three UM patients who remained disease-free (DF) for at least 10 years, 32 patients with metastatic UM and 53 healthy controls were enrolled. Median and mean levels of the tumor markers OPN, S-100beta, MIA and TPS at the time periods of 0-6, 6-12, 12-18, 18-24 and >24 months prior to confirmation of metastasis by liver ultrasound, CT scan and biopsy, served in a box and whiskers analysis and were compared by Students t-test. Trends of changes in marker levels of DF and metastatic UM groups were calculated and compared by ANOVA. RESULTS: The lead-time for predicting metastasis was: 12-18 months both for OPN (p=0.005) and MIA (p=0.37), for S-100beta 18-24 months first increase (p=0.5) followed by a second one 0-6 months (p=0.01) and for TPS 18-24 months (p=0.1). The gradient of the trendlines for the metastatic group was significantly steeper for MIA (p=0.02) and S-100beta (p=0.018) than for the DF group and not statistically significant for OPN (p=0.168). For TPS, the trendline was negative. The overall increase in the levels of OPN and S-100beta was significant, while for TPS and MIA, it was not. CONCLUSION: Significant increases in OPN and S-100beta levels were demonstrated by a major lead time. Trendlines of the metastasis group were steeper than of the DF group predicting liver metastasis. The routine use of those markers in the follow up of UM patients, can enable earlier diagnosis of liver metastasis and effective therapeutic intervention, with an impact on survival.

Brain metastasis is a frequent occurrence in lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the prognosis for NSCLC with brain metastasis is very poor. Our previous study found high S100B expression in the brain-specific metastatic NSCLC line PC14/B, suggested S100B is closely correlated with brain metastasis in NSCLC. However, the details have not yet been revealed. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between S100B and brain metastasis in NSCLC and to study the effects of S100B on non-brain metastatic NSCLC line PC14. We investigated serum S100B levels in 30 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients (15 with brain metastasis and 15 without brain metastasis) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results showed that serum S100B levels were significant higher in NSCLC patients with brain metastasis compared to those without brain metastasis (P<0.01). We constructed the full-length S100B expression vector and transfected into PC14 cells. MTT and flow cytometric analysis showed that S100B transfection promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis (P<0.05). Transwell migration and invasion assays indicated that S100B transfection promoted cell invasion and cell migration compared to control cells transfected with empty vector alone (P<0.01). These results suggested that S100B could be involved in the development of brain metastasis in NSCLC.