5111

PCNA

proliferating cell nuclear antigen;PCNA;proliferating cell nuclear antigen

DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein|cyclin

20pter-p12

protein-coding

AIM: To investigate the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and CD44mRNA in colorectal cancer with venous invasion and its relationship with liver metastasis. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of PCNA and CD44mRNA in 31 cases of colorectal cancer with venous invasion. RESULTS: Positive expression rates of PCNA and CD44mRNA in colorectal cancer were higher than those without liver metastasis (P<0.05 and P<0.01). In case of colorectal cancer with liver metastasis, strongly positive rates of PCNA and CD44mRNA were 94.1% and 70.6%, respectively, significantly higher than those without liver metastasis. There was a positive relationship between the expressions of PCNA and CD44mRNA (r=0.67, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Detection of PCNA and CD44mRNA expression in colorectal cancer may be useful for evaluating liver metastasis of cancer cells.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Molecular biological studies indicated that abnormal expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), and nm23 correlate with the development of gastric cancer, but the relationship between abnormal expression of above gene proteins and the biological behavior of gastric cancer was not yet clear. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between expressions of COX-2, p53, PCNA, and nm23 and the clinicopathological behavior in gastric cancer. METHODS: The expressions of COX-2, p53, PCNA, and nm23 were detected by using immunohistochemical(SP) method. RESULTS: (1) The overexpression rate of COX-2 in gastric cancer was 70.4% (50/71), and the overexpression of COX-2 was correlated to tumor size, gross morphology, histological type, lymph node metastases, and clinicopathological stage of gastric cancer (P < 0.05, or P < 0.01). (2) The overexpression rates of p53 and PCNA in 71 surgically removed specimens from the patients with gastric cancer were 74.6% and 78.9%, respectively. And the expressions of p53 (86.7%) and PCNA (88.8%) in gastric cancer patients with lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those in patients without lymph node metastasis (53.8% and 61.5%) (both, P < 0.05), respectively. Moreover, expressions of p53(52.2%) and PCNA(60.9%) in stage I + II patients were lower than those(85.4% and 87.5%) in stage III + IV (both, P < 0.05). (3) The low-expression of nm23 in gastric cancer was 71.8%, and its low-expression rate of nm23 in patients without lymph node metastasis(88.5%) and in stage I + II (91.3%) were much higher than those in the patients with lymph node metastasis (62.2%) and in stage III + IV (62.5%) (respectively, P < 0.05). (4) The differences of histological types, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage were significantly different(P < 0.05 or P < 0.001), between the patients with two or more genes expression of COX-2, p53, PCNA, and nm23 and those with less one gene expression. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that abnormal expressions of COX-2, p53, PCNA, and nm23 associate with malignant potential, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage, and they might therefore play a role in development of gastric cancer.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, recurrence and metastasis of the tumor after PDT remains problematic. In this study we investigated VEGF and PCNA expression in tumor tissues after 5-ALA-PDT. BALB/c nude mice with NPC tumors of similar size were randomly assigned to three groups (n=10 each). In the two treatment groups, mice were administrated 5-ALA intratumorally at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 3-3.5 h prior to laser irradiation (630 nm, 100 J/cm(2), 100 mW/cm(2)). The mice in one of the treatment groups were sacrificed at 24 h after PDT. The other treatment group and control group mice were sacrificed 14 days after PDT, and the tumor weights were determined for all three groups. Mean tumor weights at 14 days after PDT were 1.353+/-0.204 g in the treatment group and 3.124+/-0.380 g in the control group (p<0.001). Results showed the VEGF level in tumor tissues at 24 h after PDT was slightly higher than that in the control group, while it was down-regulated at 14 days after PDT. The PCNA level was not significantly different in tumor tissues among the three groups, but it was lower in degenerated tumor cells 24 h after PDT. Our results suggest that VEGF may play a role in tumor recurrence and metastasis following PDT. Residual tumor cells escaped from PDT is the main reason for tumor recurrence.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: E-cadherin (E-cad), CD44v6 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) play important roles in invasion and metastasis of cancers. This study was to investigate the correlations of the expression of E-cad, CD44v6, and PCNA to the invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The expression of E-cad, CD44v6 and PCNA in 86 specimens of NSCLC and 40 specimens of adjacent normal tissues were detected by EnVision immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The high expression rate of E-cad was significantly lower in NSCLC than in adjacent normal tissues (53.5% vs. 80.0%, P<0.05). E-cad staining in NSCLC tissues was correlated to differentiation, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (P<0.05). The high expression rate of CD44v6 was 44.2% in NSCLC, and 0 in adjacent normal tissues. CD44v6 staining in NSCLC tissues was correlated to classification, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (P<0.05). The high expression rate of PCNA was 48.8% in NSCLC, and 0 in adjacent normal tissues. PCNA staining was correlated to lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). PCNA expression was negatively correlated to E-cad expression (r=-0.554, P<0.05), and positively correlated to CD44v6 expression (r=0.688, P<0.05). Univariate analysis indicated that E-cad, CD44v6, and PCNA were prognostic factors of NSCLC. Multivariate analysis showed that E-cad and TNM stage were independent prognostic indicators (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: E-cad, CD44v6 and PCNA play important roles in invasion and metastasis of NSCLC. The expression of E-cad, CD44v6 and PCNA may be of prognostic value in patients with NSCLC.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the expressions of Ki67, PCNA and mitotic index in ovarian epithelial tumors and their relationship with clinical pathological features. METHODS: The expressions of Ki67, PCNA protein and mitotic index in ovarian tissues from 20 patients with normal ovarian tissues, 28 patients with ovarian benign tumors, 20 patients with borderline tumors and 109 (73 metastatic ovarian cancer) patients with malignant tumors were retrospectively tested using the American GBI immunohistochemistry two-step method. The expressions of Ki67 and PCNA mRNA were also detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) in ovarian tissues from 37 patients with primary ovarian cancer, 14 patients with borderline tumors, 11 patients with benign tumors and 12 patients with normal ovarian tissues. The relationship between clinical pathologic parameters and the expressions of Ki67 and, PCNA and mitotic index in human ovarian tumors was analyzed. RESULTS: (1) The expressions of Ki67 mRNA and protein in ovarian epithelial tumors was higher than in the controls (P = 0.003; P = 0.009; P = 0.001; P = 0.001). But no significant differences appeared in the expression and overexpression of PCNA mRNA and pratein (P = 0.327; P = 0.718; P = 0.123; P = 0.125). Positive correlations between the expressions of mRNA and protein for Ki67 and PCNA were found (r = 0.449, P = 0.025; r = 0.484, P = 0. 014). (2) The expression of Ki67 in ovarian epithelial was higher in low differential carcinoma and at FIGO III-IV stage (P = 0.008; P = 0.007). The expression of Ki67 protein in serous tumor tissues was high, but low or missed in other types of tumor tissues such as malignant mixed mullerian tumor and transitional cell carcinoma (P = 0. 018). No significant differences in other clinicopathological features were found. The high expression of PCNA did not coincide with histological grading, clinical stage and histological types (P = 0.447; P = 0.763; P = 0.657). There were 72 patients with high mitotic index (66.1%). The high expression of mitotic index coincided with histological grading and clinical stage, but not with histological types (P = 0.002; P = 0.040). (3) The combined overexpression of Ki67 and high mitotic index occurred in 57 patients, which coincided with histological grading, clinical stage and histological types (P = 0.018; P = 0.001; P = 0.020). (4) In the 73 patients with metastatic ovarian cancers, the expressions of Ki67 (58.9%), PCNA protein (91.8%) and high MI (61.6%) in primary cancer tissues were greater than in the metastatic cancer tissues (peritoneum and epiploon, Ki67 41.4%, P = 0.031; PCNA 74%, P = 0.004; high MI 38.4%, P = 0.005). The positive intensity of Ki67 protein expression in primary ovarian cancers was significantly higher than in metastatic ovarian cancers (P = 0.040). There was no significant difference in positive intensity of PCNA between primary and metastatic ovarian cancers (P = 0.514). CONCLUSION: Ki67 and mitotic index can serve as biomolecular markers for predicting the proliferation of malignant ovarian epithelial tumors. PCNA can not discriminate between benign and malinant ovarian tumors.

The objective of the present study was to estimate the prognostic value of certain immunohistochemical markers of lymphogenous metastasis. A total of 85 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the larunx were available for observation. Immunohistochemical studies of the tumour tissue spreading into the regional lymph nodes and without metastasis were carried out with the use of anti-p36 protein and anti-cyclin D1 monoclonal antibodies and antibodies against the markers of proliferation (PVNA and Ki67), angiogenesis (CD34) and intercellular adhesion (CD44v6). Statistically significant correlation was found between PCNA expression and the presence of metastases in the regional lymph nodes. Enhanced angiogenesis was also associated with the occurrence of metastases (p > 0.05). The expression of other immunohistochemical markers did nor correlate with the presence of metastases. It is concluded that PCNA index is an important prognostic criterion for lymphogenous metastasis. It is recommended that the maximally broad panel of antibodies should be used to obtain reliable prognostic data.